Vim cheatsheet

VI/VIM

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Commands 

Global:

:help keyword # open help for keyword
:o file       # open file
:saveas file  # save file as
:close        # close current pane

Set Mode

:set paste (maintain code format)

:set number (print line number)

Insert mode - inserting/appending text

i        # insert before the cursor
I        # insert at the beginning of the line
a        # insert (append) after the cursor
A        # insert (append) at the end of the line
o        # append (open) a new line below the current line
O        # append (open) a new line above the current line
ea       # insert (append) at the end of the word
Esc      # exit insert mode

Editing

r        # replace a single character
J        # join line below to the current one
cc       # change (replace) entire line
cw       # change (replace) to the start of the next word
ce       # change (replace) to the end of the next word
cb       # change (replace) to the start of the previous word
c0       # change (replace) to the start of the line
c$       # change (replace) to the end of the line
s        # delete character and substitute text
S        # delete line and substitute text (same as cc)
xp       # transpose two letters (delete and paste)
.        # repeat last command
u        # undo
Ctrl + r # redo

Marking text (visual mode)

v        # start visual mode, mark lines, then do a command (like y-yank)
V        # start linewise visual mode
o        # move to other end of marked area
O        # move to other corner of block
aw       # mark a word
ab       # a block with ()
aB       # a block with {}
ib       # inner block with ()
iB       # inner block with {}
Esc      # exit visual mode
Ctrl + v # start visual block mode

Visual commands

>       # shift text right
<       # shift text left
y       # yank (copy) marked text
d       # delete marked text
~       # switch case

Cut and paste

yy       # yank (copy) a line
2yy      # yank (copy) 2 lines
yw       # yank (copy) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
y$       # yank (copy) to end of line
p        # put (paste) the clipboard after cursor
P        # put (paste) before cursor
dd       # delete (cut) a line
2dd      # delete (cut) 2 lines
dw       # delete (cut) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word
D        # delete (cut) to the end of the line
d$       # delete (cut) to the end of the line
d^       # delete (cut) to the first non-blank character of the line
d0       # delete (cut) to the begining of the line
x        # delete (cut) character

Search and replace

/pattern       # search for pattern
?pattern       # search backward for pattern
\vpattern      # 'very magic' pattern: non-alphanumeric characters are interpreted as special regex symbols (no escaping needed)
n              # repeat search in same direction
N              # repeat search in opposite direction
:%s/old/new/g  # replace all old with new throughout file
:%s/old/new/gc # replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations
:noh           # remove highlighting of search matches

Search in multiple files

:vimgrep /pattern/ {file} # search for pattern in multiple files
:cn                       # jump to the next match
:cp                       # jump to the previous match
:copen                    # open a window containing the list of matches

Exiting

:w              # write (save) the file, but don't exit
:w !sudo tee %  # write out the current file using sudo
:wq or :x or ZZ # write (save) and quit
:q              # quit (fails if there are unsaved changes)
:q! or ZQ       # quit and throw away unsaved changes

Working with multiple files

:e file       # edit a file in a new buffer
:bnext or :bn # go to the next buffer
:bprev or :bp # go to the previous buffer
:bd           # delete a buffer (close a file)
:ls           # list all open buffers
:sp file      # open a file in a new buffer and split window
:vsp file     # open a file in a new buffer and vertically split window
Ctrl + ws     # split window
Ctrl + ww     # switch windows
Ctrl + wq     # quit a window
Ctrl + wv     # split window vertically
Ctrl + wh     # move cursor to the left window (vertical split)
Ctrl + wl     # move cursor to the right window (vertical split)
Ctrl + wj     # move cursor to the window below (horizontal split)
Ctrl + wk     # move cursor to the window above (horizontal split)

Tabs

:tabnew or :tabnew file # open a file in a new tab
Ctrl + wT               # move the current split window into its own tab
gt or :tabnext or :tabn # move to the next tab
gT or :tabprev or :tabp # move to the previous tab
<number>gt              # move to tab <number>
:tabmove <number>       # move current tab to the <number>th position (indexed from 0)
:tabclose or :tabc      # close the current tab and all its windows
:tabonly or :tabo       # close all tabs except for the current one
:tabdo command          # run the command on all tabs (e.g. :tabdo q - closes all opened tabs)